1937年開始的中日戰爭裡，由於日本海軍的九六式艦上戰鬥機航程短，續航力小，所以無法護衛九六式陸上攻擊機深入中國腹地進行轟炸，這使得日軍每一次的轟炸行動都受到了中國空軍的攔截而蒙受慘重的損失，戰損率高達１０％，日本海軍於是深刻地體認到轟炸區域上空制空權的重要，立刻於1937年10月向三菱及中島二家公司提出了「１２試艦上戰鬥機需求案」。日本海軍要求此種新型戰機具備以下性能：

任務：能夠擊落來襲的敵人轟炸機，同時擔任轟炸機護航任務時，空戰性能要優於敵軍攔截機。
尺寸：翼展不得超過１２公尺
速度：於4000公尺高空時，最大平飛速度要超過500公里／時
爬升率：能於3分30秒內爬升至3000公尺
續航力：於3000公尺高空以額定馬力飛行須達1.2～1.5小時，加掛輔助油箱須達1.5～2小時；最大巡航速度續航力須達6～8小時
起飛距離：在頂風風速為12公尺／秒時，不得超過70公尺，無風狀態時175公尺
降落速度：小於170公里／時
滑降速度：每分鐘210～240公尺
操縱性能：與九六式艦戰相當或超過
武裝：二門九七式7.7公釐機槍，二門九九式20公釐機砲
炸彈：二枚30公斤或60公斤炸彈
無線電：九六空一式無線電或空三式無線電歸向儀
輔助裝備：氧氣系統，發動機滅火系統，照明設備及制式飛機發動機儀表

　　 日本海軍提出新型戰鬥機的需求不單是為了應付中國戰場的需求，更將往後可能遭遇到的假想敵戰機性能列入考慮。可是對剛剛脫離歐美幫助的日本航空製造業而言，軍方對１２試艦的性能要求已超出了他們的能力範圍。1938年1月17日，日本海軍邀請三菱及中島二家公司於橫須賀舉行１２試艦製造會議，會議中由甫自中國戰場返回的源田實少佐說明戰場上的教訓，海軍當局因此更堅持需求案中所列的各項性能，絲毫不肯退讓。中島公司在這種情況下便表示無法建造此種新式戰鬥機而退出競爭。當時任職於三菱重工的崛越二郎正率領設計小組致力於１１試轟炸機的研發，非常不願意接下１２試艦戰研發的擔子，可是海軍當局特准三菱停止該案的研究，以全副精力灌注於１２試艦戰的開發，因而在勉為其難的情形下，崛越二郎開始創造永遠留在日本人記憶中的零戰。

　　 要達成海軍當局的要求，首先需要一個適當的發動機，當時許多比較進步的發動機不是正在設計階段，便是仍處於試驗當中，為減低失敗的風險，崛越二郎決定採用現有的發動機。當時可靠而馬力夠強的發動機只有875馬力的三菱瑞星13型發動機，950馬力的中島榮12發動機及三菱重工的1070馬力金星46型發動機。由於海軍規定動力負荷不得超過5.5磅／馬力，於是只好放棄較重的金星發動機，因為榮12式發動機是其對手中島飛機所製，所以崛越放棄不用，而採用了馬力最小的瑞星13型發動機。螺旋槳則使用由住友會社經美國漢彌頓公司授權製造的雙葉螺旋槳，顯然日本在這方面的技術尚未趕上西方國家。

　　 動力雖然小了，可是只要能將飛機重量減輕，仍然可以滿足海軍高速，高續航力的要求。首先他們選用住友金屬發展的超強型鋁合金，作為翼樑的主要部分。此種合金頗類似以後美國發明的75Ｓ鋁合金，它張力強度較早先日本習用的超級鋁合金高30％～40％。此種鋁合金送到飛機製造廠時，已經製成角鐵般的形狀，而後依機翼形狀經過切割，銃磨等程序，成為質輕且堅固的機翼結構。

　　 崛越在物質條件並不優裕的情況下，發揮了充分的想像力，致力於減輕，簡化機身結構的研究，以達成12試艦戰的要求。其主翼設計並不是由普通結合於機身上的二片機翼所組成，而是建造一整片主翼，如此一來省下了為結合二片機翼所需的機身／機翼結合設施。而機身的設計上根本沒有機翼接合點，這是因為中央機身是與機翼一體製造的，主翼上部蒙皮就是駕駛艙的底板。由於機身與主翼不能分離，於是由主翼後緣開始機身分為二個部分，前後機身以螺釘結合。此種機身設計方式使的無論在修護及倉儲上都非常方便，可是也顯的十分脆弱，此項弱點在與美製戰鬥機相比時更為明顯。

　　 空氣動力上，崛越二郎為增進起降，爬升及飛操性能，將主翼負荷減至105公斤／平方公尺，使得主翼面積達22.44平方公尺。機翼剖形更經一番選擇，選擇採用類似美國NACA23012型的三菱118型機翼剖形，因為此種剖形的壓力中心游動最小。為防止翼稍失速，主翼有2.5度的外洗角，尾部操縱面更設計成能提供優異的俯仰方向穩定性。

　　 在零戰生產時，器他國家的戰鬥機武裝已經由.30機槍進步到.50機槍，機砲則正在引進中。日本海軍研究單位在構想新一代戰機時，已決定要提升火力，而若是奧立剛公司製造的20公釐機砲特別引起他們的注意，雖然此種機砲射速慢，可是外型緊緻，重量又輕，非常適合裝置在主翼之中，因此日本與奧立剛接洽，要求授權製造，經瑞士批准後，由大日本兵器會社負責此種日本稱為九九式的20公釐機砲之生產。

　　 要將機砲裝置在像12試艦戰這種輕量的飛機上，所需解決的問題很多，經過崛越審慎的考量後，終於成功加以解決；而需求案中另外要求的二挺7.7公釐機槍則被安裝在發動機罩上方的左右二側。

　　 1939年3月16日，12試艦戰一號試作機於三菱重工名古屋製造所完工，3月18日進行第一次發動機測試，3月19日舉行了處女航。試飛結果完全成功，海軍當局相當滿意。9月14日日本海軍正式接收本機，並命名為Ａ6Ｍ1零式艦上戰鬥機一一型。

　　 1940年7月由於中國戰場的海軍航空部隊在風聞零戰的優秀性能後，紛紛要求其立刻投入戰鬥，在前線不斷地催促下，7月21日橫山保與進藤三郎大尉率領15架零戰進駐了漢口基地。之後從8月開始到1941的9月，零戰共出動了354架次，擊落了44架中國飛機，並至少擊毀62架，只有2架零戰被地面砲火擊落，其餘均毫髮無傷。

　　 太平洋戰爭開戰後，從珍珠港攻擊開始，呂宋空戰一直到爪哇的攻擊，零戰都參加了所有的戰役，並且在戰役中無往不利。由於歐美各國在開戰前有意無意地輕視日本的技術能力，任為日本部可能造出那樣高性能的飛機，對於中國戰場上的經驗不予重視，結果也就嚐到了苦果。

　　 1942年6月的阿留身戰役中，攻擊荷蘭港的一假零戰由於機械故障，迫降在阿庫坦島，飛機當場翻覆，飛行員陣亡，但是機身卻沒有受到嚴重得損壞，五個月後美軍發現了這架飛機，把它送回國內進行研究，經過了一連串的試驗後，美軍找出了克敵致勝的方法，並且將正在發展階段的海軍新一代艦載戰鬥機重新設計，針對零戰而施加必要的修改。

　　 後來隨著戰局的發展，美軍新式戰機的服役，零戰顯的越來越使不上力氣，由於新一代的戰機開發延緩，使零戰必須拖命服役，在馬里亞那海戰之後，零戰一次次地大失血，最後在戰爭末期只好充作神風特攻的自殺飛機使用。最後零戰一共生產了10938架，到戰爭結束時僅剩下1157架。零戰開始時以炫目登場，結局卻是異常地淒涼。 Istanbul Escorts is one of the most important cities in Turkey and is visited by millions of tourists every year. istanbul escort services are also offered in Istanbul to meet the needs of domestic and foreign tourists traveling to Istanbul.

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